73 biomarkers
| Chapter | Eye_Biomarker | Systematic_Disease | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chapter IV | affecting the cornea | Addison's disease | Disease |
| Chapter IV | affecting the cornea | cystinosis | Disease |
| Chapter IV | affecting the cornea | Fabry disease (FD) | Disease |
| Chapter IV | affecting the cornea | graves' disease | Disease |
| Chapter IV | affecting the cornea | hyperlipoproteinemia | Disease |
| Chapter IV | affecting the cornea | hyperparathyroidism | Disease |
| Chapter IV | affecting the cornea | mucopolysaccharidosis | Disease |
| Chapter IV | affecting the cornea | wilson's disease | Disease |
| Chapter IV | antibodies against type XIII collagen, | thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy | Protein |
| Chapter IV | blowout time of ocular blood flow | primary aldosteronism with silent brain infarction | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | CD8+CD54+ and CD8+CD62L+ T cells | graves' ophthalmopathy | Other |
| Chapter IV | choroidal nevus | obesity | Disease |
| Chapter IV | conjunctival and uvea l melanomas | MELAS syndrome | Disease |
| Chapter IV | corneal densitometry | Fabry disease (FD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) , branch density (CNBD) and length (CNFL) , and Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) | diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) | diabetic nephropathy(DN) | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) | transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | corneal Nerve Fractal Dimension | diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | corneal Sensitivity | diabetic nephropathy(DN) | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | corneal sensory nerves | diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | diabetic nephropathy(DN) | Disease |
| Chapter IV | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes | Disease |
| Chapter IV | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | metabolic syndrome (MetS) | Disease |
| Chapter IV | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | cardiovascular death in diabetic patients | Disease |
| Chapter IV | dry eye | type II diabetes mellitus | Disease |
| Chapter IV | exophthalmometr | thyroid eye disease | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | extra-domain B containing FN (EDBFN) | diabetes mellitus | Protein |
| Chapter IV | eye muscle reflectivity | graves' ophthalmopathy | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | eyelid ptosis | dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) | Symptom |
| Chapter IV | fractal dimension in the deep retinal capillary layer | type 2 diabetic patients | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | fractal dimensions | type 1 diabetes | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | ganglion cell complex thinning | gaucher disease (GD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | horizontal eye muscle thickness | thyroid associated orbitopathy | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | hypertrophy of the superior rectus and levator palpabrae superioris complex | the pathogenesis of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) in thyroid eye disease (TED) | Symptom |
| Chapter IV | IL-6 into tear | graves' orbitopathy (GO) | Cytokine |
| Chapter IV | inner retinal hyperreflective foci (HRF) | Fabry disease (FD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 | type II diabetes mellitus | |
| Chapter IV | interleukin (IL)-1β | type II diabetes mellitus | |
| Chapter IV | interleukin-2 receptor beta and CD57 | thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy | Cytokine |
| Chapter IV | juvenile-onset idiopathic bilateral cataracts | Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) | Disease |
| Chapter IV | lens opacities | MELAS syndrome | Disease |
| Chapter IV | levator excursion | thyroid eye disease | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | lower central corneal thickness (CCT) values. | sheehan's syndrome | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | macular ganglion cell complex and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning | type-1 gaucher disease | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | macular ischaemia | nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | meibomian gland dysfunction | obesity | Disease |
| Chapter IV | meibomian gland dysfunction | polycystic ovary syndrome | Disease |
| Chapter IV | microphthalmia | MELAS syndrome | Disease |
| Chapter IV | microvascular retinopathy | obesity | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | minimum rim width (MRW) reduction | early retinal neurodegenerative changes in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | neuroretinal dysfunction | type 1 diabetes mellitus- peripheral motor unit loss | Other |
| Chapter IV | OCTA | systemic vascular functioning in diabetes mellitus in black patients | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | orbital fat volume | thyroid eye disease | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | PDR, HOMA-IR and VEGF | subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) | Protein |
| Chapter IV | peripapillary OCTA parameters | diabetes mellitus | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | reduced corneal nerve density | diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | retinal capillary damage | myocardial impairment in Fabry disease (FD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal degeneration | wilson's disease | Symptom |
| Chapter IV | retinal degeneration-OCT | Niemann-Pick disease type C1 | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal endothelial dysfunction | obesity | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal image measurements | individuals at high risk of CKD in the course of diabetes | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal nonperfusion area | renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal structure and visual functional markers | diabetic nephropathy(DN) | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | retinal tissue perfusion | early-stage diabetic retinopathy | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal vascular caliber | hyperlipidemia | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal vessel calibre and vascular dilation/constriction in response to flicker light provocation | diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal vessel density | Fabry disease (FD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | retinal vessel density | Fabry disease (FD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | serum antibodies against G2s | thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism] | Protein |
| Chapter IV | small nerve fiber damage detected by corneal confocal microscopy：reductions in corneal nerve fiber length (NFL), nerve branch density (NBD), nerve fiber density (NFD) and increased corneal nerve fiber tortuosity (NFT) | painful diabetic neuropathy | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | the latencies and the amplitude of VEP | overt hypothyroid | Eye measures |
| Chapter IV | total RNFL, macula thickness were significantly decreased | neurodegeneration in patients with Wilson's disease | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IV | tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α | type II diabetes mellitus |