204 biomarkers
| Chapter | Eye_Biomarker | Systematic_Disease | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chapter VI | a decrease in retinal vascularization density in the superficial plexus of the parafoveal retina | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | a high yield of AbetaPP and Abeta in the ocular fluids | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | abnormally high Eye Blink Rate (EBR) | mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | affecting the cornea | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Disease |
| Chapter VI | aggregated α-synuclein near or at the inner retinal surface | parkinson's disease (PD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in the retinal tissue/ the ocular biomarkers in anterior and posterior segments of the eye including the cornea, aqueous humour (AH), crystalline lens, and retina | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | amyloid-β (Aβ) signatures in the retinal tissue、 Aβ accumulates in the lens | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | angio-OCT | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | anti-AQP4 antibody | neuromyelitis optica (NMO) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | aqueous humor Aβ | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | arteriole-to-venule ratio of retinal vessel | obstructive sleep apnea syndrome | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | atrophy of the pRNFL and mGCIPL | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | Aβ deposition in the eye | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | Aβ plaques in the retina | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | bruch membrane opening and maximal RNFL thickness | increased intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim widt | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | cataract | myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) | Disease |
| Chapter VI | change of INL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | choroidal thickness | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | choroidal thickness | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | choroidal thickness and vascular morphology | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | choroidal thinning | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | choroidal-retinal thickness alterations | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | color vision | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | corneal IVCM and corneal sensitivity testing | diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fiber length, corneal total branch density, and corneal nerve fiber area | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD)，corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) was decreased；corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) was significantly increased | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | corneal nerve fiber loss | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | corneal nerve fibre density , corneal nerve branch density , corneal total branch density , and corneal nerve fibre length were significantly lower | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | corneal nerve loss and increased dendritic cells meseared by Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | corneal neural network and conjunctival vasculature | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | decrease in macular volume and temporal RNFL | huntington's disease(HD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | decreased peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and increased optic nerve head parameters(average cup/disk ratio and the vertical cup/disk ratio ) | obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | decreased Peripapillary RNFL, global, and in superior quadrant | alzheimer’s disease(AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | decreased Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | decreased retinal VD and PFD as well as choroidal structural changes | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | decreased RNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | diminished retinal nerve fiber layer thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | dyschromatopsia | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | eyes-closed (EC) to eyes-open (EO) alpha reactivity | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | foveal and peripapillary vascular decrements | migraine with aura | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | foveal and peripapillary vascular decrements | migraine with aura | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | foveal avascular zone | neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIP) atrophy | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | ganglion cell and retinal layer atrophy | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | ganglion cell complex thinning | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | ganglion cell layer (GCL) alterations | multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | ganglion cell layer thickening | obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | ganglion cell layer thinning | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | GCIPL and pRNFL thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | GCIPL, and to a lesser degree pRNFL | relapsing multiple sclerosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | GCL + IPL thickness | early multiple sclerosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | GCL + IPL thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | glycine receptors(ganglion cell responses) | spastic | Protein |
| Chapter VI | impaired retinal tissue perfusion | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | increased INL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | inferonasal GCLIPL, mean GCLIPL, and pRNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | inner nuclear layer (INL) volume changes | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | inner retinal layer thinning :Temporal pRNFL, macular RNFL (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer thicknesses and IPL, retinal pigment epithelium and outer macular volume were found lower | huntington's disease(HD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | inner retinal layers (RNFL and GCIPL) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | inner retinal layers thinning | mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | inter-eye differences of ≥4 μm for GCIPL and to a lesser degree ≥5 μm for RNFL | optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | lower corneal nerve fiber density (NFD);The total nerve fiber length and the number of nerve branches were significantly decreased;nerve tortuosity was increased | chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | lower Corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), branch density (CNBD) and fibre length (CNFL) ; higher fibre tortuosity (CNFT) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | lower ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses，inner nuclear layer thicknesses | stiff-person syndrome | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | lower retinal capillary skeleton and perfusion densities and capillary complexity in the total annular zone and all quadrant sectors | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | lower thickness of pRNFL , total macular, and subfoveal choroid | mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | lysozyme | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Other |
| Chapter VI | macular GCIPL thickness | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | macular GCIPL thickness | mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | macular thickness | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | macular thickness and the retinal nerve fibre layer | alzheimer’s disease(AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | macular thinning, RNFL, thinning of both inner and outer nuclear cell layers,ganglion cell layer | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | mfVEP amplitude | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | mGCIPL thickness,peripapillary RNFL thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | microcystic macular oedema | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | molecular repository of tears | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Metabolite |
| Chapter VI | MRI diffusion restriction in the optic nerve head | idiopathic intracranial hypertension(IIH) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | NFL thickness, blood flow, ONH damage, | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | NH volume (ONHV) and height (ONHH) in 3D volume scans | idiopathic intracranial hypertension(IIH) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | OCT | newly diagnosed IIH patients | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | OCT (RNFL thickness) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | OCTA | early optic nerve damage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | oculomotor testing | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | oligomeric α-Syn (α-SynOligo), total α-Syn (α-SynTotal) in reflex tears | parkinson's disease (PD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | optic disk color：papillary paleness | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | optic nerve head morphology, retinal amyloid deposition, microvascular morphology and densities, blood flow, and electrophysiological markers | alzheimer’s disease(AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and preclinical AD. | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | oxygen levels in the retina | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | oxygen levels in the retina | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle | myasthenia gravis (MG) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP)：P(100) latency was significantly delayed，P(100) amplitude was significantly reduced | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | periodic acid Schiff-positive round profiles were identified in the retinal nerve fiber layer ; P-NF-positive spheroid density was significantly increased in the retinal nerve fiber layer | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | peripapillary Bruch's membrane (pp-BM) shape | chronic intracranial pressure | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | peripapillary region vessel density reduction | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, macular volume (MV) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (NFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and Optic Nerve Head Flow Index (ONH-FI) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thinning rate | relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | peripapillary RNFL | friedreich's ataxia | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | peripapillary vessel density | neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | photopic negative response (PhNR) | idiopathic intracranial hypertension(IIH) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | presence of ONH pallor | cerebral palsy of perinatal origin | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | pRNFL | relapsing-remitting MS | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | pRNFL reduction | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | pRNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | pRNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | pRNFL; macular volume; macular GCL-IPL complexes | mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | pupil flash response | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | pupillary unrest | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | pupillometry | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | PVEP(P100 latencies were significantly delayed and P100 amplitudes were significantly reduced) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | reduced corneal nerve fiber densities and lengths | small fiber neuropathy in early Parkinson's disease | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | reduced corneal nerve fiber density | Chronic migraine | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | reduction in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD, fibers/mm2) , branch density (CNBD, branches/mm2) , and fiber length meseared by Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) | mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | reduction of average-RNFL , temporal-RNFL, and papillo-macular bundle-RNFL | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | reduction of the RNFL thickness assessed by SLP | obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | reductions in the thickness of average, temporal, and inferior pRNFL and overall mGCIPL | de novo Parkinson's disease | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) testing of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle | generalized myasthenia gravis | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | retinal alteration | arachnoid cyst of the pineal region | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal and choroidal vascular pathologies | alzheimer's type dementia | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal and lens amyloid-beta accumulation | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | retinal blood flow ,electrical activity in the macula | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal capillary complexity | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal changes | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal changes | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | retinal hyperspectral imaging | brain Aβ load of AD | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal layer thickness | preclinical Alzheimer's disease | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | retinal layers reduction | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal microvascular density | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal microvascular density | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal microvasculature | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal microvasculature change | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer | obstructive sleep apnea syndrome | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness | alzheimer’s disease(AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer loss, and retinal vascular changes | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer thickening | autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer thickness | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer thickness | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), other retinal layers thicknesses such as outer nuclear layer (ONL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) and changes in the retinal blood vessels | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion-cell layer-inner plexiform layer thickness;microcystic macular edema and associated thickening of the retinal inner nuclear layer | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal nerve fiber layer thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal SVP density | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal tau | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | retinal thickness and microvascular pathway | REM sleep behavior disorder | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal vascular density | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal vascularization density | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | retinal vessel structures | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | rHSI-based ΔOD values | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Other |
| Chapter VI | RNFL atrophy and the presence of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thickness | demyelinating diseases | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis disease | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thinning | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFL thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNFLT thinning | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | RNS testing of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle | myasthenia gravis (MG) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | spontaneous eye-blink | obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) | Symptom |
| Chapter VI | static and dynamic pupillary responses | obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | superficial retinal microvascular plexuses | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | tear protein level alterations | parkinson's disease (PD) | Protein |
| Chapter VI | temporal and superior RNFL sectors thinning | huntington's disease(HD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | testing visual fields | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | the average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness , total macular thickness, and macular volume were decreased | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the center 1 mm and temporal outer ETDRS regions of retinal thickness | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the changes in the metabolism of monoamines in the eye and eyelid | parkinson's disease (PD) | Metabolite |
| Chapter VI | the decrease in macular retinal and thickness | huntington's disease(HD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the decreased RNFL thickness | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the decreased RNFL thickness | mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the injury pattern of INL | neuromyelitis optica (NMO) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the peripapillary RNFL layer thickness | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the rapidly declining RNFL and GCIPL；ONH parameters of rim area, average cup-to-disc (C:D) ratio, and cup volume | familial dysautonomia (FD) disease | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the ratio of optic nerve sheath diameter to eyeball transverse diameter (ONSD/ETD) | intracranial hypertension in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | the retinal choroid | alzheimer's dementia | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the retrograde loss of nerve fiber layer tissue in the retina and optic nerve | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the RNFL thickness | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the structure and microvasculature of the retina and choroid | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), total macular , and subfoveal choroid were significantly reduced | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thickening of the OPL | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinned RNFL | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinner RNFL | dementia, alzheimer’s disease | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinning in both the inner and outer layers of the retina | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinning of RNFL | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinning of RNFL and GCC | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinning of RNFL and GCC | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinning of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the retinal nerve fibre layer | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and the combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and the fovea | parkinson's disease (PD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | thinning of the RNFL and superior hemiretina | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | uveitis | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Disease |
| Chapter VI | UWF retinal imaging | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | vessel density reduction in retina | multiple sclerosis(MS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter VI | visual function | parkinson's disease (PD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | visuospatial perception (VSP) functions | alzheimer’s disease(AD) | Eye measures |
| Chapter VI | α-SynTotal was decreased , α-SynOligo and the ratio of α-SynOligo/α-SynTotal were increased | parkinson's disease (PD) | Protein |