87 biomarkers
| Chapter | Eye_Biomarker | Systematic_Disease | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chapter IX | age-related macular degeneration | intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque in the carotid artery,atherosclerosis | Disease |
| Chapter IX | arterial retinal vessel analysis and AV-ratio | cardiovascular disease (CVD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | arteritic Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy | cerebrovascular accidents | Disease |
| Chapter IX | blowout time (BOT) measured by laser speckle flowgraphy | silent brain infarction (SBI) in primary aldosteronism | Eye measures |
| Chapter IX | branch retinal vein occlusion | myocardial function and cardiac death | Disease |
| Chapter IX | cataract | coronary heart disease(CHD) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | CCL2, TNF-α | cerebral infarction | Cytokine |
| Chapter IX | choriocapillaris microvasculature | systemic hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | choroidal thickness | coronary artery disease(CAD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | choroidal thickness | essential hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | choroidal thickness | hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | choroidal thickness | patients with cardiovascular risk factors | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | choroidal thicknesses (CTh) | coronary artery disease(CAD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | choroidal vascularity index | internal carotid artery stenosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | conjunctival biopsy | arteriosclerosis | Other |
| Chapter IX | conjunctival microangiopathy | hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | corneal confocal microscopy | white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI imaging confers an increased risk of stroke, dementia, and death | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) | the Presence and Severity of White Matter Hyperintensities in Ischemic Stroke | Eye measures |
| Chapter IX | deep-learning funduscopic atherosclerosis score | carotid artery atherosclerosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | cardiovascular disease (CVD) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | cerebrovascular diseases | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | future risk of coronary artery disease | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | heart failure | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | ischemic heart disease | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | late cardiac events following percutaneous coronary intervention | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetes retinopathy(DR) | cardiovascular disease (CVD) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diabetic retinopathy stages | lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | diastolic central retinal artery pressure (diastCRAP) | cerebrovascular diseases | Other |
| Chapter IX | fractal dimension | neurodegeneration and stroke | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | fractal Dimension of the Retinal Vasculature | neurodegeneration and stroke | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | gadolinium leakage into ocular structures (GLOS) | stroke | Other |
| Chapter IX | ganglion cell complex thickness | systemic hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | ganglion cell complex thickness decrease | systemic arterial hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | hypertensive retinal changes | microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients | Eye measures |
| Chapter IX | hypertensive retinopathy | stroke | Disease |
| Chapter IX | hypertensive retinopathy signs | cerebrovascular diseases | Disease |
| Chapter IX | hypertensive retinopathy signs | congestive heart failure(CHF) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | hypertensive retinopathy signs | stroke | Disease |
| Chapter IX | index of ocular vessel response | coronary artery disease(CAD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | iris flocculi | dissection thoracic aorticaneurysm | Disease |
| Chapter IX | microangiopathy | increased intima-media thickness and endothelial dysfunction | Disease |
| Chapter IX | microvascular retinopathy | hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | ocular blood flow and subfoveal choroidal thickness | carotid artery stenosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using brain computed tomography (CT) | subarachnoid hemorrhage | Eye measures |
| Chapter IX | oscillatory potentials of the ERG | hypertension | Disease |
| Chapter IX | proliferative diabetic retinopathy | atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | pseudoexfoliation syndrome | cerebro vascular disease | Disease |
| Chapter IX | pupil area | heart failure | Eye measures |
| Chapter IX | reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) | cardiovascular disease (CVD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retina resistive index of central artery (RRICA) | atherosclerosis' clinical manifestations in a population of hypertensives | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal arteriolar changes | coronary artery disease(CAD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal arteriolar diameter | hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal arteriolar endothelial dysfunction | major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or cardiovascular risk factors | Eye measures |
| Chapter IX | retinal arteriolar narrowing | hypertension | Nucleic Acids-Based Biomarker |
| Chapter IX | retinal artery atherosclerosis | coronary artery disease(CAD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal capillary rarefaction | arterial and kidney damage in hypertension | Other |
| Chapter IX | retinal capillary rarefaction | hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal fundus images/deep-learning funduscopic atherosclerosis score | cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal microbleeds | cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) | Eye measures |
| Chapter IX | retinal microvascular abnormalities | carotid atherosclerosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal microvascular changes | hypertension | Disease |
| Chapter IX | retinal microvascular changes | hypertension | Disease |
| Chapter IX | retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction | coronary artery disease(CAD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal nerve fiber layer thinning | cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal photograph-derived CAC score | cardiovascular disease risk | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular caliber | cardiovascular disease (CVD) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular caliber | cardiovascular health | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular caliber | hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular caliber | stroke | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular caliber measurements | heart disease | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular caliber measurements | hypertension | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular caliber measurements | stroke | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular density | acute kidney injury (AKI) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vascular density | Acute Renal Injury after Acute Coronary Syndrome | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vasoreactivity | stroke | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinal vein occlusion (RVO) | cerebrovascular diseases | Disease |
| Chapter IX | retinal vessel narrowing | arteriosclerosis | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | retinopathy | congestive heart failure(CHF) | Disease |
| Chapter IX | retinopathy | hypertension | Disease |
| Chapter IX | retinopathy | hypertension | Disease |
| Chapter IX | severity of diabetic retinopathy | heart muscle perfusion disturbance | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | smartEye | stroke | Other |
| Chapter IX | thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer | cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) | Bio-imaging |
| Chapter IX | uveitis | acute myocardial infarction | Disease |
| Chapter IX | VSMC quantification in retinal arteries | cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL | Other |