118 Biomarkers
| Biomarker | Source | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| baseline myopic refraction | Tissue | progression | Gupta S, et al.Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2021 |
| ciliary muscle thickness(CMT) | Tissue | prediction | Buckhurst H, Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2013 |
| mechanical strain | Tissue | prognosis | Dupps WJ Jr, Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2016. |
| tessellated fundus indices (TFIs) | Retinal choroid | diagnosis | Yoshihara N,et al.PLoS One. 2014 |
| mGCIPL to mRNFL ratio | tissue | diagnosis | Alasbali T,et al.Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2016 |
| baseline BCVA | Arnaldo Espaillat et al.Clin Ophthalmol . 2021 | ||
| visual acuity | eye | prognosis | Ishiko, Satoshi et al. Current eye research vol. 2010 |
| the amplitudes of a-waves, b-waves and photopic negative response | machine | prognosis | Lina Huang et al.Eye Sci . 2012 |
| diameter | machine | prediction | Samuelov, Liat et al. Pediatric dermatology vol.2018 |
| lens thickness (LT) | reviewed surgical videos | diagnosis | Li, Zhangliang et al.Journal of cataract and refractive surgery vol.2018 |
| topography | machine | diagnosis | J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004 |
| spherical equivalent | machine | diagnosis | Hayashi, Ken, and Hideyuki Hayashi. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery vol.2004 |
| largest diameter | machine | diagnosis | Schwartz, Shirah R et al.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus vol.2006 |
| POS thickness | machine | diagnosis | Ophthalmology. 2010 |
| hyperreflective choroidal foci (HCF) | Tissue | prognosis | Rupak Roy et al. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2019 |
| low luminance visual dysfunction | eye | prognosis | Sunness, Janet S et al. Ophthalmology vol. 2008 |
| anterior chamber depth (ACD) | machine | prognosis | Xiaona Ning et al.BMC Ophthalmol . 2019 |
| percent tissue altered (PTA) | machine | prognosis | Nemet, Achia et al. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.2021 |
| disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) | machine | prognosis | Joltikov, Katherine A et al.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 2018 |
| disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) | machine | prognosis | Sun, Jennifer K et al. JAMA ophthalmology vol.2014 |
| disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) | machine | prognosis | Babiuch, Amy S et al.JAMA ophthalmology vol.2019 |
| retinal hyperreflective foci | machine | prognosis/treatment | Schreur, Vivian et al. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol.2020 |
| retinal hyperreflective foci | machine | prognosis/treatment | Schreur, Vivian et al. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol.2020 |
| microaneurysm turnover | machine | prognosis | Pappuru, Rajeev K R et al.The British journal of ophthalmology vol. 2019 |
| fractal dimension (FD) | machine | prognosis | Fan, Wenying et al.American journal of ophthalmology vol.2020 |
| hyperreflective walls in foveal cystoid spaces | machine | prognosis | Terada, Noriko et al.Scientific reports vol.2020 |
| disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) | machine | prognosis | Zur, Dinah et al.Acta ophthalmologica vol. 2020 |
| hyperreflective dots | machine | prognosis | Roy, Rupak et al.Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol.2019 |
| choroidal thickness (CT) | machine | prognosis | Ahmad, Meleha et al.PloS one vol. 2017 |
| retinal vessel caliber | machine | prognosis | Dumitrescu, Alina Gabriela et al.Romanian journal of ophthalmology vol. 2017 |
| macular thickness | machine | prognosis | Dumitrescu, Alina Gabriela et al.Romanian journal of ophthalmology vol. 2017 |
| outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness | machine | prognosis | Eliwa, Tamer F et al.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol.2018 |
| choroidal vascularity index (CVI) | machine | prognosis | Gupta, Chanda et al.PloS one vol.2018 |
| choroidal vascularity index (CVI) | machine | prognosis | Gupta, Chanda et al.PloS one vol.2018 |
| POS thickness | machine | diagnosis | Ophthalmology. 2010 |
| ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness | Eye | diagnosis | Hyung Bin Lim et al. Optom Vis Sci. 2018 |
| retinal vascular tortuosity | retina | diagnosis | M B Sasongko et al. Diabetologia. 2011 |
| focal retinal thinning (FRT) | machine | diagnosis | Rony Carlos Preti et al.Transl Vis Sci Technol . 2021 |
| relative ellipsoid zone reflectivity (rEZR) | machine | diagnosis | Sarah Thiele et al.Transl Vis Sci Technol . 2020 |
| delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA) | blood | prediction | Robert F Mullins et al,Ophthalmology . 2019 Apr |
| pseudodrusen | machine | prognosis/risk factor | Ooto, Sotaro et al. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol.2015 |
| microaneurysm (MA) formation rate | machine | prognosis | Haritoglou, Christos et al.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol. 2014 |
| BCVA-LLVA gap | machine | treatment | Frenkel, Ronald E P et al.The British journal of ophthalmology vol. 2016 |
| photoreceptor outer segment (POS) thickness | machine | prognosis | Alasil, Tarek et al.Ophthalmology vol. 2010 |
| baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness | machine | treatment | Rayess, Nadim et al. American journal of ophthalmology vol. 2015 |
| visual acuity | machine | prognosis | Bloch, Sara B et al. Acta ophthalmologica vol.2013 |
| photoreceptor IS/OS junction | machine | prognosis | Leicht, Simon F et al.Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde vol. 2014 |
| short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) cone-mediated sensitivity | machine | prognosis | Remky, Andreas et al. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie vol.2003 |
| the fractal dimension in the deep retinal capillary layer | machine | prediction | Chen, Qi et al.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 2017 |
| microaneurysm turnover | Eye | Sandrina Nunes et al. Ophthalmologica. 2009 | |
| vascular density(VD) | retina | diagnosis | Fariba Ghassemi et al. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021 |
| disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) | retina | diagnosis | Katherine A Joltikov et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 |
| retinal blood oxygen saturation | retina | Faryan Tayyari et al. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019 | |
| choroidal vascularity index (CVI) | choroid | prediction | Valencia Hui Xian Foo et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020 |
| membrane and myopic traction maculopathy: Effects of internal limiting membrane incompliance | Tissue | prediction | Wang SW,Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021 |
| prelaminar wedge-shaped defects | tissue | diagnosis | Carolina A Chiou et al.Curr Eye Res . 2021 |
| scleral spur length | tissue | prediction | Mu Li et al.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 2020 |
| pattern electroretinogram | machine | prediction | Homa Hassankarimi et al.Int Ophthalmol . 2019 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | database | prediction | Lalit Agarwal et al.Nepal J Ophthalmol . 2019 |
| choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) | prediction | A R Frederick Jr et al.Retina . 1993 | |
| visual field index (VFI) | machine | prediction | Natalia A Iutaka et al.J Ophthalmic Vis Res .2017 |
| pattern electroretinogram (PERG) | diagnosis | Lan, Y et al. Eye science vol.1998 | |
| humphery automated perimetry tests | diagnosis | Lan, Y et al. Eye science vol.1998 | |
| retinal venular | machine | prognosis | Torp, Thomas Lee et al.The British journal of ophthalmology vol. 2018 |
| AV global oxygen saturation | machine | prognosis | Torp, Thomas Lee et al.The British journal of ophthalmology vol. 2018 |
| mfERG IT | Tissue | prognosis | Harrison, Wendy W et al.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 2011 |
| esodeviatio | machine | diagnosis | Ha, Suk-Gyu et al. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie vol. 2108 |
| corneal arcus | machine | prognosis | Vurgese, Sujiv et al. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 2011 |
| refractive error, axial length, gullstrand lens and pod corneal power | machine | prognosis | Zadnik, K et al. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol.1999 |
| surface regularity index | machine | prognosis | Lin, D T. Ophthalmology vol. 1994 |
| microaneurysm (MA) | Eye | Christos Haritoglou et al. Retina. 2014 | |
| venous filling time (VFT) | Eye | prognosis | Yong Woo Kim et al. Korean J Ophthalmol . 2005 |
| the short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) | machine | prediction | Andreas Remky et al. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003 |
| the value of the axial length/total corneal refractive power ratio (AL/TCRP) | machine | diagnosis | Tianhui Chen et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021 |
| microtropia with identity | machine | prognosis | Deborah Lysons et al.Strabismus. 2018 |
| deep component of the periocular infantile hemangiomas | machine | prediction | Liat Samuelov et al.Pediatr Dermatol. 2018 |
| size of the periocular infantile hemangiomas | machine | prediction | Liat Samuelov et al.Pediatr Dermatol. 2018 |
| eyelid involvement | machine | prediction | Liat Samuelov et al.Pediatr Dermatol. 2018 |
| esodeviation without correction | machine | diagnosis | Suk-Gyu Ha et al. Can J Ophthalmol. 2018 Oct |
| intraocular pressure (IOP) | machine | prediction | Daniel K Roberts et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 |
| pattern visual evoked potential | machine | prediction | Woosuk Chung et al.Korean J Ophthalmol . 2008 |
| corneal arcus | machine | diagnosis | Sujiv Vurgese et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2011 |
| corneal arcus | machine | diagnosis | Sujiv Vurgese et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2011 |
| corneal arcus | machine | diagnosis | Sujiv Vurgese et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2011 |
| binocular interaction | machine | prognosis | Seong Joon Ahn et al.Am J Ophthalmol . 2012 |
| vision impairment | machine | prediction | Kee-Lee Chou et al.J Affect Disord . 2008 |
| the mallett unit | machine | diagnosis | Rajula Karania et al.Ophthalmic Physiol Opt . 2006 |
| trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) | machine | diagnosis | Jost B Jonas et al.Acta Ophthalmol . 2015 |
| intraocular pressure (IOP) | machine | diagnosis | Jost B Jonas et al.Acta Ophthalmol . 2015 |
| pigmented lens striae (PLS) | machine | prediction | D K Roberts et al.Int Ophthalmol . 2001 |
| color vision defects | machine | diagnosis | J B Jonas et al.Fortschr Ophthalmol . 1990 |
| pigmented lens striae (PLS) | machine | prediction | Daniel K Roberts et al.Optom Vis Sci . 2002 |
| low contrast sensitivity | machine | prediction | Lena Havstam Johansson et al.Acta Ophthalmol. 2020 |
| flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) | machine | prognosis | Mustafa Atas J Ophthalmol . 2014 |
| intraocular pressure (IOP) | machine | prognosis | Tanuj Dada et al.J Glaucoma . 2018 |
| ocular surface temperature (OST) | machine | prognosis | Fernando Galassi Br J Ophthalmol . 2007 |
| the ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) | machine | diagnosis/prognosis | Lingyan Cheng Exp Ther Med . 2017 |
| short-duration transient visual evoked potential (SD-tVEP) | machine | prognosis | Richard Trevino J Curr Glaucoma Pract . Jan-Apr 2018 |
| corneal hysteresis (CH) | The UK Biobank | diagnosis | Bing Zhang Ophthalmology . 2019 |
| inner retinal visual dysfunction | retina | Gregory R Jackson et al. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012 | |
| resistive index (RI) | machine | diagnosis | Taner Basturk et al. Ren Fail. 2012 |
| NO Sweat Peak | sample | diagnosis | John E Lewis，J Diabetes Metab Disord . 2017 |
| the delay in S-VEP latency | sample | progression | Yesmino T Elia，Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2005 |
| low luminance VA and low luminance deficit (standard VA minus low luminance VA) | sample | diagnosis | Laura J Wood ，Transl Vis Sci Technol . 2021 |
| retinal vascular geometry detection | tissue | progression | Meng Li，Eur J Ophthalmol . 2021 |
| multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) | sample | diagnosis | Monica Lövestam-Adrian，Open Ophthalmol J . 2012 |
| visual contrast sensitivity | sample | prediction | Subhasish Pramanik，Heliyon . 2020 |
| resistive index of central retinal artery | sample | progression | Manila Khatri，Int J Retina Vitreous . 2019 |
| analysis of retinal microaneurysm turnover (MAT) | sample | progression | Affiliations，J Clin Med . 2021 |
| retinal tissue perfusion (RTP) | sample | diagnosis | Zhiping Liu，Retina . 2021 |
| infrared light sensitivity | sample | progression | Grzegorz Łabuz，Retina . 2021 |
| venular tortuosity | sample | prediction | Rachel B Forster，Diabetologia . 2021 |
| multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG). | tissue | diagnosis | Jiang Huang，J Diabetes Res . 2021 |
| baseline BCVA | Arnaldo Espaillat et al.Clin Ophthalmol . 2021 | ||
| anterior chamber depth (ACD) | machine | prognosis | Xiaona Ning et al.BMC Ophthalmol . 2019 |
| intraretinal cysts (IRC) | machine | prognosis | Markus Ritter et al.Br J Ophthalmol . 2014 |
| visual field index (VFI) | machine | prediction | Natalia A Iutaka et al.J Ophthalmic Vis Res .2017 |
| anterior corneal folds | machine | diagnosis | Hamza Abualhasan J Glaucoma . 2019 |