15 Biomarkers
| Biomarker | Source | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| subclinical diabetic macular edema (SCME) | diagnosis | Conceição Lobo et al. Ophthalmic Res. 2018 | |
| microalbuminuria | urine | diagnosis | Masoud R Manaviat et al. BMC Ophthalmol. 2004 |
| subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) | machine | prediction | Divya Alex et al.Indian J Ophthalmol . 2021 |
| clinically significant macular edema (CSME) | prognosis | Hirai, Flavio E et al. American journal of ophthalmology vol. 2008 | |
| subclinical diabetic macular edema (SCME) | machine | prognosis | Lobo, Conceição et al.Ophthalmic research vol.2018 |
| intraretinal cysts (IRC) | machine | prognosis | Markus Ritter et al.Br J Ophthalmol . 2014 |
| hard exudates (HE) | machine | prognosis | Litvin, Taras V et al.Journal of diabetes science and technology vol. 2015 |
| hyperreflective foci (HF) | machine | prognosis | Chatziralli, Irini P et al.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol.2016 |
| cystoid macular oedema | machine | prognosis | Guthoff, R et al. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde vol.2011 |
| clinically significant macular edema (CSME) | machine | prognosis | Hirai, Flavio E et al.American journal of ophthalmology vol. 2008 |
| subclinical diabetic macular edema (SCME) | machine | prognosis | Pires, Isabel et al.Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde vol.2013 |
| peripapillary atrophy | tissue | prognosis | Uchida H,Ophthalmology. 1998 |
| subclinical macular edema | machine | prognosis | Pires, Isabel et al. Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde vol.2103 |
| microalbuminuria | machine | diagnosis | Bertelsen, Geir et al.Acta ophthalmologica vol. 2013 |
| iris depigmentation | prediction | Ka Wai Kam Ocul Immunol Inflamm . 2021 |